“Math fact fluency refers to the ability to recall the basic facts
in all four operations accurately, quickly and effortlessly. When students
achieve automaticity with these facts, they have attained a level of mastery
that enables them to retrieve them from long-term memory without conscious
effort or attention. Brain imaging studies have revealed how the progression
from effortful processes such as finger counting and explicit strategy use to
automatized retrieval is associated with actual changes in the regions of the
brain involved in mathematical computation" (Rivera, Reiss, Eckert, & Menon,
2005)
Basic Fact Strategies
As a student is learning basic math
facts, it may help him or her to understand a few simple strategies to help
solve these facts. Yes, ultimately we want students to recited them from
memory, but in the meantime they need a strategy.
Counting On Strategy
This strategy is used when adding 0, 1,2,
or 3 to any number.
For example: 7+2= __. The students puts the
bigger number in their mind and count up 2. (think 7,8,9) Other examples
would be 3 + 6 =__ (think 6,7,8,9) or 8 + 1 =__ (think 8,
9)
Counting Back Strategy
This strategy is used when
subtracting 0,1,2, or 3 to any number.
For example: 7-2= __. The students puts the
bigger number in their mind and count back 2. (think 7,6,5) Other
examples would be 6 - 3 =__ (think 6,5,4,3) or 8 - 1 =__
(think 8, 7)
Make 10 Ten
Students make
combinations that equal 10. Then they extend to make combinations that are
multiples of 10.
5 +
5 6
+
4
3 + 7
4 +
6
7 +
3
9 + 1
1 +
9 8
+
2
2 + 8
Double Facts
1 + 1 2 +
2 3 + 3
4 +
4
5 +
5
6 + 6
7 +
7
8 +
8
9 + 9
Doubles Plus/Minus One
If your child is learning a fact like
6 + 7, these are the steps to think through:
* Double the lower number, which in
this case would give you 6 + 6 =12.
* Now add one:(The second 6 was a 7,
remember?)
* Think 6 + 6 + 1 = 13 or 12 + 1 =
13.
* Now say the fact: 6 + 7 = 13
One of the things that we must help
children do is recognize when to use a particular strategy. For the
Doubles Plus One strategy tell the children "when the numbers are next
door neighbors (the numbers are consecutive like 6 and 7) then we can use the
doubles plus one strategy."
Doubles Plus/Minus Two
If a child is faced with the 5 + 7 ,
think through the same steps as Doubles Plus One except add 2 instead of
one. This works for facts that have number that are separated by
two. When helping a child to recognize when to use this strategy tell
them to use it "when the numbers are NOT next door neighbors, but two
doors down from each other."
Plus 9 Shortcut
If your child is learning a fact like
9 + 5 these are the steps to think through:
* Think 10 + 5 = (which is much
easier to add)
* Now minus 1 (Think 15 - 1 + 14)
* Now say the fact: 9 + 5 = 14
* Remind your child that you added 10
+ 5 instead of 9 + 5. That's one more than you started with, so you have
to take that one away to get to the correct answer.
Turn Around Facts
These are really easy!
3 + 4 = 4 + 3
References
Adapted from:
Reeves-Hinger
Elementary 2nd Grade. Math Facts Strategies.
Retrieved from http://www.canyonisd.net/Page/8657
Portage
La Prairie. Teacher Information: Mental Math Strategies.
Retrieved from http://www.plpsd.mb.ca/division/Rubrics/Mental%20Math%20Strategies.pdf
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